Green infrastructure planning for climate smart and "green" cities

  • Tijana Crnčević Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
  • Ljiljana Tubić Public Utility Company “Greenery Belgrade”, Belgrade, Serbia
  • Olgica Bakić Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Keywords: green infrastructure, smart cities, climate change, planning, geographic information system (GIS)

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to present green infrastructure planning within the concept of climate-smart cities. In this context the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), as part of green infrastructure planning, is stressed in the establishment of climate-smart cities. In addition to presenting international examples of good practice, such as using GIS data, maps and tools for support in the USA, or designing a tool for water management and water infrastructure planning in Chicago, the paper provides an insight into the current status of green infrastructure planning in Serbia. The “Green regulation of Belgrade” project is presented as a representative example. The conclusions emphasise that the main preconditions for achieving climate-smart and green cities include legal and planning frameworks, as well as appropriate strategic and other programs that will further encourage the creation of GIS for green areas and create the conditions for climate-smart green infrastructure planning.

References

Bakić, O., Gajić, А. (2014) Koncept GIS-a kao podrška upravljanju održivim prostornim razvojem Podunavlja, in Maksin, M. et al. (eds.) Održivi prostorni razvoj Podunavlja u Srbiji – knjiga 2, Posebna izdanja 73.Beograd: IAUS, pp. 369-386. [Bakić, O., Gajić, А. (2014) The concept of GIS as a support in managing sustainable spatial development in the Danube area, in Maksin, M. et al. (eds.) Sustainable spatial development of Danube area in Serbia, Book No. 2, Special editions 73. Belgrade: IAUS, pp. 369-386.]

Bakić, O., Đurđević, J. (2011) Vizuelizacija prostornih planova u GIS okruženju, Arhitektura i urbanizam, No. 33, pp. 22-30. [Bakić, O., Đurđević, J. (2011) Visualization of spatial plans in GIS environment, Arhitektura i urbanizam, No. 33, pp. 22-30.]

China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT) and EU-China Policy Dialogues Support Facility II (2014) Comparative Study of Smart Cities in Europe and China, Heidelberg:Springer.

Crnčević, T. (2016) Planiranje zelene infrastructure u kontekstu prilagođavanja urbanih sredina na klimatske promene. in Pucar, M., Nenković-Riznić, M. (eds.) Prostorni, ekološki, energetski i društveni aspekti razvoja naselja i klimatske promene, Posebna izdanja No.78, Belgrade: IAUS, pp. 215-234. [Crnčević, T. (2016) Green infrastructure planning in the conext of adaptation of urban environment to climate change in Pucar, M., Nenković-Riznić, M. (eds.) Spatial, ecological, energetic and social aspects of settlement developing and climate change, Special editions 78. Belgrade: IAUS, pp. 215- 234.]

Crnčević, T., Sekulić, M. (2012) Zeleni krovovi u kontekstu klimatskih promena – pregled novijih iskustava, Arhitektura i urbanizam, No. 36, pp. 56-57. [Crnčević, T., Sekulić, M. (2012) Green Walls of Urban Spaces in the Context of Climate Change – An Overview of the Actual Planning Frameworks and Experiences, Arhitektura i urbanizam, No. 36, pp. 56-57.]

Crnčević, T., Bakić, O. (2010) Zelene površine banjskih naselja - prilog uspostavljanju i razvoju informacione osnove u GIS okruženju, in Pucar, M., Josimović, B. (eds.) Održivi razvoj banjskih i turističkih naselja u Srbiji, Posebna izdanja No. 64, Belgrade: IAUS, pp. 59-74. [Crnčević, T., Bakić, O. (2010) Green areas of spa resorts / contributing to the establishment and development of information base in GIS environment, in Pucar, M., Josimović, B. (eds.) Sustainable development of spa and tourist settlements in Serbia, Special editions 64. Belgrade: IAUS, pp. 59-74.]

Crnčević, T., Bakić, O. (2012) GIS u funkciji planiranja predela na primeru donjeg Podunavlja, in Milijić, S., Josimović, B., Crnčević, T. (eds.) Održivi prostorni razvoj Podunavlja u Srbiji, Knjiga 1, Posebna izdanja No. 71, Belgrade: IAUS, pp.179-194. [Crnčević, T., Bakić, O. (2012) GIS in the function of landscape planning refering to the exampleof the Lower Danube, in Milijić, S., Josimović, B., Crnčević, T. (eds.) Sustainable spatial development of Danube area in Serbia, Book No. 1, Special editions No.71, Belgrade: IAUS, pp.179-194. ]

Cvejić, J., Bobić, A., Tutundžić, A., Radulović, S. (2011) Adaptacija gradova na klimatske pormene – uloga zelene infratsrukture, in Zlatanović-Tomašević, V., Gajić, R., Kaić, F. (eds.) Budućnost razvoja naselja u svetlu klimatskih promena, Belgrade: Društvo urbanista Beograda, pp. 27-44. [Cvejić, J., Bobić, A., Tutundžić, A., Radulović, S. (2011) Cities adaptation to climate change – the role of Green Infrastructure, in: Zlatanović-Tomašević, V., Gajić, R., Kaić, F. (eds.) The future development of the settlement in the light of climate change, Belgrade: Društvo urbanista Beograda, pp. 27-44.]

Cvejić, J., Mihajlović, D., Mitrović, M., Teofilović, A. (2004) Priprema sadržaja i programa za izradu geografskog informacionog sistema zelenih površina Beograda, Projekat “Zelena regulativa Beograda”, II faza projekta, Urbanistički zavod Beograda, Sveska 1. [Cvejić, J., Mihajlović, D., Mitrović, M., Teofilović, A. (2004) Preparation of contents and programs for the development of the GIS of green areas for Belgrade, Project “Green regulation of Belgrade”, Phase II of the project, Urban Planning Institute of Belgrade, Volume 1]

Đukić, A., Antonić, B. (2016) Koncept pametnog grada kao odgovor na klimatske promene, in Pucar, M., Nenković-Riznić, M. (eds.) Prostorni, ekološki, energetski i društveni aspekti razvoja naselja i klimatske promene, Posebna izdanja, No.78, Belgrade: IAUS, pp.15-32. [Đukić, A., Antonić, B. (2016) Smart city concept as a response to climate change, in: Pucar, M., Nenković-Riznić, M. (eds.) Spatial, ecological, energetic and social aspects of settlement developing and climate change, Special editions 78. Belgrade: IAUS, pp. 15-32.]

Ermer, K., Hoff, R., Mohrmann, R. (1996) Landschaftsplanung in der Stadt, Ulmer, Stuttgart, Deutchland.

Esri,G,I case study (2017) http://www.esri.com/about-esri/greeninfrastructure/richland-casestudy, accessed 1st June 2017.

Esri GI, 2017. http://www.esri.com/about-esri/greeninfrastructure), accessed 3rd June 2017.

European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities (2013) Strategic Implementation Plan. http:// ec.europa.eu/eip/smartcities/files/sip_final_en.pdf, accessed 15th Aug 2017.

European Commission, Europe 2020 strategy ( h ttps : //e c .e ur o pa.e u/i nf o /s tr at e gy /e ur o pe an- semest er/ fr a mew or k / eu r ope-2020-st r a t egy_ en#thestrategysetouttargetsinthe5followingfields, accessed 25th Aug 2017.

Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities (2017) (http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/ssc/Pages/default.aspx), accessed 1st July 2017.

Giffinger, R., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanović, N. Meijers, E. (2007) Smart cities Ranking of European medium- sized cities, Centre of Regional Science, Vienna UT. http://www.smart-cities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf, accessed 15th Aug 2017

GD IP Directorate-General for Internal Policies (2014) Mapping Smart Cities in the EU, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2014/507480/IPOL-ITRE_ET(2014)507480_EN.pdf, accessed 5th Aug 2017.

ITU-T Report (2014) “Smart sustainable cities: An analysis of definitions”, https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/ssc/Documents/.../TR-Definitions.docx, accessed 10th July 2017.

JUP Urbanistički Zavod Beograda (2017) III Phase of Project “Belgrade Green Regulation” MAPPING AND EVALUATING OF BELGRADE BIOTOPES. http://www.urbel.com/documents/info20-tema.pdf, accessed 1st May 2017.

Kovačević, M., Pavlović, K., Šutić, V. (2015) Upotreba informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija u Republici Srbiji, domaćinstva/pojedinci preduzeća. Republika Srbija, Republički Zavod za statistiku. [Kovačević, M., Pavlović, K., Šutić, V. (2015) Use of information and communication technologies in the Republic of Serbia, households / individuals of the company. Republic of Serbia, Institute of Statistics]

Lalović, K., Radosavljević, U., Rodić, D. (2016) Metode i tehnike generisanja znanja za planiranje klimatski odgovornog lokalnog prostornog razvoja Srbije, in: Pucar, M., Nenković- Riznić, M. (eds.) Prostorni, ekološki, energetski i društveni aspekti razvoja naselja i klimatske promene, Posebna izdanja No.78, Belgrade: IAUS, pp.461-482. [Lalović, K., Radosavljević, U., Rodić, D. (2016) Methods and techniques for knowledge base generating for climate responsible local spatial planning in Serbia, in: Pucar, M., Nenković-Riznić, M. (eds.) Spatial, ecological, energetic and social aspects of settlement developing and climate change, Special editions 78. Belgrade: IAUS, pp. 461-482.]

Law on environmental protection, (“Official Gazette RS”, No. 135/04, 36/09 and 72/09-43/11-US / Zakon zaštiti životne sredine, (“Službeni glasnik RS”, br. 135/04, 36/09 i 72/09- 43/11-US)

Manić, B., Crnčević, T., Niković, A. (2012) Uloga zelenih površina u prostornoj i funkcionalnoj koncepciji Bloka 23 u Beloj Crkvi, Arhitektura i urbanizam, No.33, pp. 67-74. [Manić, B., Crnčević, T, Niković, A. (2012) The role of green spaces in the spatial and functional conception of Block 23 in Bela Crkva, Arhitektura i urbanizam, No.33, pp. 67-74.]

Marić, I., Crnčević, T., Cvejić, J. (2015) Green infrastructure planning for cooling urban communities: overview of the contemporary approaches with special references to Serbian experiences, SPATIUM, No.33, pp. 55-61.

Petrović, M., Bojković, N., Parezanović, T. (2015) Izazovi standardizacije informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija u okviru koncepta pametnih gradova, in: XXXIII Simpozijum o novim tehnologijama u poštanskom i telekomunikacionom saobraćaju – PosTel 2015, Beograd, 1. i 2. Decembar 2015. [Petrović, M., Bojković, N., Parezanović, T. (2015) The challenges of standardization of information and communication technologies within the concept of smart cities, in: XXXIII Symposium on new technologies in postal and telecommunication traffic ] http://postel.sf.bg.ac.rs/simpozijumi/POSTEL2015/RADOVI%20PDF/Menadzment%20procesa%20u%20postanskom%20i%20telekomunikacionom%20saobracaju/9.%20Petrovic-Bojkovic-Parezanovic.pdf, accessed 1st July 2017

Planning and Construction Law (“Official Gazette RS”, No. 72/09, 81/09-correction, 64/10-UC, 24/11, 121/12, 42/13- UC, 50/13-UC, 98/13-UC, 132/14 and 145/14) / Zakon o planiranju i izgradnji, (“Službeni glasnik RS”, br. 72/09, 81/09-ispravka, 64/10-UC, 24/11, 121/12, 42/13-UC, 50/13- UC, 98/13-UC, 132/14 i 145/14)

Rehmat, A. (2016) Review paper on GIS for smart cities, Global Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, Vol. 3, Iss. 3, pp.6-9. http://gjesr.org/Document/Vol.3.03/global%20journal%2057.pdf, accessed 1stJuly 2017.

Scharf, B. (2017) Planning Green Infratrsucture Solutions for Smart Cities, World Green Infratrsucture Congres, Berlin. http://www.wgic2017berlin.com/media/files/Scharf_Bernhard_VortragsInfo-en.pdf, accessed 1st May 2017.

Smart City Forum, 2017, http://en.smartcityforum.pl/smart-city-awards, accessed 1st May 2017.

Smart Cities Connect, 2017, https://smartcitiesconnect.org/chicago-launches-storm-water-manageme, accessed 1st Apr 2017.

Senate Department for ETCP (2017) http://www.berlin.de/senuvk/umwelt/stadtgruen/gris/, accessed 1st May 2017.

Thessaloniki Agenda for Western Balkan: Moving towards European integration, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_PRES-03-163_en.htm, accessed 15th July 2017.

Tošković, D. (2016) Urban and rural environment and urbanization developing countries, Special editions 79. Belgrade: IAUS.

Published
2017-12-29
Section
Scientific Analysis or Debate