Art Nouveau in Zagreb: The new movement's significance to the profession of architecture

  • Melita Čavlović University of Zagreb, Faculty of Architecture
  • Mojca Smode Cvitanović University of Zagreb, Faculty of Architecture
  • Andrej Uchytil University of Zagreb, Faculty of Architecture
Keywords: Art Nouveau, Zagreb, architectural profession, Semper's Bekleidung theory

Abstract

This paper traces the implications of Semper's Bekleidung theory on working processes in the field of architecture in Zagreb. The idiosyncrasies of the work of freshly graduated architects in a peripheral Austro-Hungarian city are analysed, both in the context of developing and spreading the city block system and the appearance of the new Art Nouveau style. Buildings in this new modern style, which appeared in 1897, were built sporadically throughout the city's urban fabric, which generally consisted of historicist residential buildings at the time. Parallel to historicism, the demand for Art Nouveau from clients grew, especially around the turn of the 20th century. At the time, typical migration processes resulted in the arrival of a well-educated populace that would commission Art Nouveau buildings in the coming years. The unique characteristics of Art Nouveau style, especially its ability to directly engage citizens and transmit messages of modern times, proved to be an important determinant in its increasing popularity in the city. Many professions and products were advertised on the façades and ornamentation of buildings, the main bearers of Art Nouveau style.

References

Bagarić, M. (2011). Arhitekt Ignjat Fischer. Zagreb: Meandarmedia.

Bagarić, M. (2018). Krležin Gvozd prije Krleže, Gordogan, Vol XVI (XXXV), No. 37-38 (81-82), pp. 177-201.

Blau, E. (1999a). The Architecture of Red Vienna 1919-1934. Cambridge, London: The MIT Press.

Blau, E. (1999b). The City as Protagonist: Architecture and the Cultures of Central Europe. In E. Blau, M. Platzer (Eds.), Shaping the Great City, Modern Architecture in Central Europe, 1890-1937. Munich, London, New York: Prestel, pp. 11-23.

Bedenko, V. (1997). Secesija u Hrvatskoj arhitekturi. In J. Martinčić, D. Hackenberger (Eds.), Secesija u Hrvatskoj. Osijek: Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti – Zavod za znanstveni i umjetnički rad u Osijeku, pp. 17-28.

Bedenko, V. (2000). Franjo Klein i razvoj historicističke arhitekture u Zagrebu. In V. Maleković (Ed.), Historicizam u Hrvatskoj. Zagreb: Muzej za umjetnost i obrt, pp. 87-99.

Boyd White, I. (1898). Three Architects from the Master Class of Otto Wagner, Emil Hoppe, Marcel Kammerer, Otto Schönthal. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Digital collection of the National and University library in Zagreb.

Dobronić, L. (1983). Graditelji i izgradnja Zagreba u doba historijskih stilova. Zagreb: Društvo povjesničara umjetnosti SR Hrvatske.

Domljan, Ž. (1979). Hugo Ehrlich. Zagreb: Društvo povjesničara umjetnosti Hrvatske.

Fatović-Ferenčić, S. (1998). Eugen Rado - “Liečnik za zube i usta”, Acta stomatologia Croatica, Vol 32, No. 3, pp. 475-488.

Fatović-Ferenčić, S., Ferber Bogdan, J. (2018). Otac i sinovi: članovi obitelji Feller u kontekstu početaka reklamnog oglašavanja u Hrvatskoj, Acta medico-historica Adriatica, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 49-74.

Hvattum, M. (1995). Gottfried Semper: towards a comparative science of architecture, Architectural Research Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 68-75.

Hvattum, M. (2001). Gottfried Semper: Between Poetics and Practical Aesthetics, Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 537-546.

Hvattum, M. (2004). Gottfried Semper and the Problem of Historicism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Jurić, Z. (1995). Arhitekt Vjekoslav Bastl, Radovi 1901-1910, Život umjetnosti, Vol. 30, No. 56-57, pp. 44-57.

Jurić, Z. (2002). Strukovni naslovi u arhitekturi i graditeljstvu u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji od 1870-ih do 1918. godine, Radovi Instituta za povijest umjetnosti, Vol. 30, No. 26, pp. 149-159.

Klobučar, O. (1960). Zagrebačka tvornica keramičkog posuđa i peći Josipa Kalline. In F. Buntak, T. Čubelić, L. Dobronić, V. Tkalčić (Eds.), Iz starog i novog Zagreba II. Zagreb: Muzej grada Zagreba, pp. 255-269.

Laslo, A. (1984-85). Rudolf Lubynski, prilog definiciji stambenog tipa, Arhitektura, Vol. 37-38, No. 189-195, pp. 169-178.

Laslo, A. (2003). Lica moderniteta 1898.-1918.: zagrebačka arhitektura secesijske epohe. In A. Galić, M. Gašparović (Eds.), Secesija u Hrvatskoj. Zagreb: Muzej za umjetnost u obrt, pp. 23-41.

Long, C. (2016). East Central Europe: National Identity and International Perspective, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 519-529.

Mallgrave, H. F. (1988). Modern Architecture, Otto Wagner, A Guidebook for his students to this field of art. Santa Monica: Getty Centre for the History of Art and the Humanities.

Moravánszky, Á. (1998). Competing Visions, Aesthetic Invention and Social Imagination in Central European Architecture, 1867-1918. Cambridge, London: The MIT Press.

Nierhaus, A. (2015). “The Crown of Modern Humanity” Otto Wagner’s View of the Architect’s Profession. In C. Thun-Hohenstein, M. Boeckl, C. Witt-Dörring (Eds.), Wege der Moderne und die Folgen/ Ways to Modernism and Their Impact, Josef Hoffmann, Adolf Loos. Basel: Birkhäuser, pp. 75-77.

Otto Wagner, Reflections on the Raiment of Modernity (1993). H. F. Mallgrave (Ed.). Santa Monica: Getty Centre for the History of Art and the Humanities.

Pavković, M. (2017). Arhitekt Vjekoslav Bastl (Doktorska disertacija, Sveučilište u Zadru, Poslijediplomski sveučilišni studij, Humanističke znanosti, Zadar, Hrvatska). Nacionalni repozitorij disertacija i znanstvenih magistarskih radova. https://dr.nsk.hr/islandora/object/unizd%3A1838 [Accessed: 31 Mar 2020].

Schubert, L. (2018). Otto Wagners Entwurfs- und Baupraxis– seine Zinshäuser. In A. Nienhaus A. EM. Grosz (Eds.), Otto Wagner. Wien: Wien Museum, Residenz Verlag, pp. 68-75.

Semper, G. (1989). The Four Elements of Architecture and Other Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Timet, T. (1961). Stambena izgradnja Zagreba do 1954. godine. Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti.

Topp, L. (2004). Architecture and Truth in Fin de Siècle Vienna. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Witt-Dörring, C. (2015). Overcoming Historicism I, Otto Wagner’s Functional Style. In C. Thun-Hohenstein, M. Boeckl, C. Witt-Dörring (Eds.), Wege der Moderne und die Folgen / Ways to Modernism and Their Impact, Josef Hoffmann, Adolf Loos. Basel: Birkhäuser, pp. 65-67.

Živković, Z. (1977). Arhitektura na izložbi “Secesija u Hrvatskoj”, Čovjek i prostor, No. 295-296, pp. 15-17.

Published
2021-01-19
Section
Scientific Analysis or Debate