Characterisation and systematic assessment of urban open spaces in Glasgow City Centre

  • Ashraf M. Salama Department of Architecture, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
  • Adel M. Remali Department of Architecture, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
  • Laura MacLean Department of Architecture, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Keywords: urban open space, walking tour assessment, users perception, urban space attributes, Glasgow

Abstract

Urban open spaces have substantially contributed to the development of cities in terms of image, function, form, and social engagement, and thus have been a central concern of urban researchers for several decades. This paper contributes to the contemporary urban discourse as it relates to the city and its users. It demonstrates a mechanism for characterisation and systematic assessment of key urban open spaces in Glasgow City Centre. The mechanism is implemented in three layers of investigation that involve the development of space profiles through preliminary observations, an examination of functional, social, and perceptual attributes through a walking tour assessment procedure with checklists and a scoring system, and an understanding of how users perceive and comprehend these spaces through a photographic attitude survey. The paper places emphasis on key findings by conveying similarities and differences between the spaces in terms of assessment outcomes and users’ perception, while revealing their essential attributes and qualities. Conclusions are offered as reflections on the findings while suggesting possibilities for future research through additional complementary layers of investigation.

References

Barnett, J. (1982) An Introduction to Urban Design. New York, NY: Harper & Row.

Buchanan, C. (1963) Traffic in Towns. Leeds: Penguin Books Ltd. Carmona, M., Heath, T., Oc, T., Tiesdall, S. (2010) Public Places

– Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd.

Carr, S., Francis, M., Rivlin, L.G., Stone, A. M. (1992) Public Space. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Cho, I. S., Heng, C., Trivic, Z. (2016) Re-Framing Urban Space: Urban Design for Emerging Hybrid and High-Density Conditions. New York, NY: Routledge.

Cojuharencoa, I., Cornelissenb, G., Karelaiac, N. (2016) Yes, I can: Feeling Connected to Others Increases Perceived Effectiveness and Socially Responsible, Behaviour, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 48, pp. 75–86.

Francis, J., Giles-Corti, B., Wood, L., Knuiman, M. (2012) Creating Sense of Community: The Role of Public Space, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 32, Issue 4, pp. 401–409.

Frey, H. (1999) Designing the City: Towards a More Sustainable Urban Form. London: E & FN Spon.

Holland, C., Clark, A., Katz, J., Peace, S. (2007) Social Interactions in Urban Public Places. Bristol: The Policy Press.

Jacobs, A. B. (1993) Great Streets. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Lang, J. T. (1987) Designing for Human Behaviour: Architecture and the Behavioural Sciences. Stroudsburg, PA: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross.

Lindal, P. J., Hartig, T. (2013) Architectural Variation, Building Height, and the Restorative Quality of Urban Residential Streetscapes, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 33, pp. 26-36.

McKean, C., Walker, D., Walker, F. (1989) Central Glasgow: An Illustrated Architectural Guide. Edinburgh: Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland.

Montgomery, J. (1998) Making a City: Urbanity, Vitality and Urban Design, Journal of Urban Design, Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 93- 116.

Moughtin, C., Mertens, M. (2003) Urban Design: Street and Square. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd.

Nasar, J. L. (1988). Perception and Evaluation of Residential Street-scenes, in Nasar J. L. (ed.) Environmental Aesthetic: Theory, Research and Applications. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Punter, J. (1991) Participation in the Design of Urban Space, Landscape Design, Issue 200, pp. 22-27.

Rapoport, A. (1976) The Mutual interaction of people and their built environment: a Cross-Cultural Perspective. Chicago, IL: Mouton.

Ratcliffe, E., Korpela, K. M. (2016) Memory and Place Attachment as Predictors of Imagined Restorative Perceptions of Favourite Places, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 48, pp. 120–130.

Ruddick, S. (1996) Constructing Difference in Public Spaces: Race, Class, and Gender as Interlocking Systems, Urban Geography, Vol. 17, Issue 2, pp. 132-151.

Salama, A. M., Gharib, R. Y. (2012) A Perceptual Approach for Investigating Urban Space Diversity in the City of Doha, Open House International, Vol. 37, Issue 2, pp. 24-32.

Salama, A. M., Azzali, S. (2015) Examining Attributes of Urban Open Spaces in Doha. Proceedings of the ICE - Urban Design and Planning, Vol. 168, Issue 2, pp. 75–87.

Sanoff, H. (1991) Visual Research Methods in Design. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rienhold.

Schumacher, T. (1986). Buildings and Streets: Notes on Configuration and Use, in Anderson, S. (ed.) On Streets, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Spreiregen, P. (1965) Urban Design: The Architecture of Towns and Cities. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Stewart, P. (1997) Central Glasgow. Gloucestershire: Tempus Publishing.

Webber, P. (1988) The Design of Sydney: Three Decades of Change in the City Centre. Sydney: Law Book.

Williamson, E., Riches, A., Malcolm, H. (1990) Glasgow: The Buildings of Scotland. London: Penguin Books.

Published
2019-04-17
Section
Original Scientific Paper