An analysis of the bicycle network in Banjaluka: Physical vs. digital infrastructure
Abstract
This article focuses on the relationship between the physical structures which enable cycling in a city, and the modern digital services supporting this type of transport. The contemporary urban context is conditioned not only by global technological trends, but also by the growing environmental awareness. The case of Banjaluka provides the background for the analysis of this ongoing urban process, emphasizing the importance of cycling, as well as the efficiency and functionality of its networks. After presenting the general condition and physical features of the cycling infrastructure in Banjaluka, the article analyzes both the potential of digital upgrading through the use of bicycle applications and the possible benefits of a dockless cycling system. As a result, suggestions and recommendations for the overall improvement of the cycling network are provided, on the level of both the physical and digital infrastructure. By introducing these emerging global concepts to the local level, the article also contributes to the popularization of cycling as a sustainable mode of transport.
References
Aldred, R. (2013). Incompetent or Too Competent? Negotiating Everyday Cycling Identities in a Motor Dominated Society, Mobilities, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 252-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2012.696342
Aldred, R. (2015). A Matter of Utility? Rationalising Cycling, Cycling Rationalities, Mobilities, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 686-705. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2014.935149
Castells, M. (2014). Moć komunikacija. Beograd: Clio.
Castells, M. (2018). Uspon umreženog društva. Beograd: Službeni glasnik.
Centar za životnu sredinu (CZZS) (2020). Četvrta po redu, ova infografika govori koliku ukupnu dužinu biciklističkih traka i staza ima Banja Luka [Picture]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/CentarZaZivotnuSredinu/photos/4040593682636666 [Accessed: 10 Feb 2021].
Cheng, Y. M., Lee, C. L. (2015). Persuasive and engaging design of a Smartphone App for cycle commuting, The Journal of Mobile User Experience, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13678-015-0001-9
Civinet (2021). O mreži. Civinet-slohr [online]. https://civinet-slohr.eu/hr/o-mrezi/o-mrezi-civinet-slovenija-hrvaska/ [Accessed: 10 Feb 2021].
Cox, P. (2019). Cycling: A Sociology of Velomobility. Routledge, London.
Delaney, B. (2020). Best cycling apps I 18 of the best iPhone and Android apps to download. Bikeradar [online]. https://www.bikeradar.com/advice/buyers-guides/best-cycling-apps/ [Accessed: 10 Feb 2021].
European Cyclists’ Federation (2016). EuroVelo, the European cycling route network, Brussels: ECF [online]. http://www.eurovelo.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Press-Kit-2016.pdf [Accessed: 06 Dec 2018].
European Cyclists’ Federation (2017). EU Cycling Strategy – Recommendations for Delivering Green Growth and an Effective Mobility System in 2030, Brussels: ECF [online]. https://ecf.com/sites/ecf.com/files/EUCS_full_doc_small_file.pdf [Accessed: 10 Feb 2021].
Eurovelo (2021). Welcome to EuroVelo.com – the website for people interested in cycling in Europe, Brussels: EuroVelo [online]. https://en.eurovelo.com/about-us [Accessed: 24 Feb 2021].
Fleming, S. (2012). Cycle space, Architecture & Urban Design in the Age of the Bicycle. Rotterdam: nai010 publishers.
Freundendal-Pedersen, M. (2015a). Whose Commons are Mobilities Spaces? – The Case of Copenhagen’s Cyclists, ACEME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 598-621.
Freundendal-Pedersen, M. (2015b). Cyclists as Part of the City’s Organism: Structural Stories on Cycling in Copenhagen, City & Society, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 30–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/ciso.12051
Gatarić, T. (2020). Kako je Banjaluka izgubila priliku da postane grad biciklista? Glas Amerike [online]. https://ba.voanews.com/a/banjaluka-biciklizam-izgubljena-prilika/5614901.html [Accessed: 10 Feb 2021].
Grad Banjaluka (2010). Održivi energetski akcioni plan Grada Banjaluke (SEAP), Grad Banjaluka [online]. https://www.banjaluka.rs.ba/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/SEAP_s.pdf [Accessed: 10 Feb 2021].
Grad Banjaluka (2021). Početna. Banjaluka [online]. https://www.banjaluka.rs.ba/ [Accessed: 10 Feb 2021].
Heinen, E., Maat, K., van Wee, B. (2013). The effect of work-related factors on the bicycle commute mode choice in the Netherlands, Transportation, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 23-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-012-9399-4
Janković, D., Janković, M. (2018). Biciklističke ulice, 7th International Conference “Road safety in Local Community” – Conference Journal. Banjaluka: Agencija za bezbjednost saobraćaja, pp. 175-184. https://www.bslz-rs.org/Zbornici/2018.pdf [Accessed: 10 Feb 2021].
Koglin, T., Rye, T. (2014). The marginalisation of bicycling in Modernist urban transport planning, Journal of Transport & Health, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 214-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2014.09.006
Koglin, T. (2015a). Organisation does matter – planning for cycling in Stockholm and Copenhagen, Transport Policy, Vol. 39, pp. 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.02.003
Koglin, T. (2015b). Vélomobility and the politics of transport planning, GeoJournal, Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 569-586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-014-9565-7
Koglin, T. (2017). Urban mobilities and materialities – A critical reflection of a “sustainable” development project, Applied Mobilities, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 32-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/23800127.2017.1285169
Koglin, T. (2020). Spatial dimensions of the marginalisation of cycling – marginalisation through rationalisation? In Cox and Koglin (eds.), The politics of cycling infrastructure: Spaces and (in)equality. Policy Press, Bristol, pp. 55-71. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvvsqc63
Koglin, T., Mukhtar-Landgren, D. (2021). Contested values in bike-sharing mobilities – A case study from Sweden, Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103026
Lin, W., Spinney, J. (2020). Mobilising the dispositive: Exploring the role of dockless public bike sharing in transforming urban governance in Shanghai. Urban Studies, Vol. 58, pp. 2095-2116. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0042098020937945
Ljubljanainfo (2021). Ljubljana park & ride. Ljubljanainfo [online]. https://www.ljubljana.info/parking/park-and-ride-ljubljana/ [Accessed: 10 Feb 2021].
Meireles, M., Ribeiro, P. J. G. (2020). Digital Platform/Mobile App to Boost Cycling for the promotion of Sustainable Mobility in Mid-Sized Starter Cycling Cities, Sustainability, Vol. 12, No. 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12052064
Milaković, M., Stupar, A. (2019). Upgrading urban mobility: the applicability of cycling apps in Banjaluka. In T. Molnár, A. Krstić-Furundžić, E. Vaništa Lazarević, A. Đukić, G. Medvegy, B. Bachmann, M. Vukmirović (Eds.), The 6th International Academic Conference on Places and Technologies – Conference Proceedings. Pécs: University of Pécs, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, pp. 472-478.
Moreno, C. (2019). The 15 minute-city: for a new chrono-urbanism! Moreno-web [online]. http://www.moreno-web.net/the-15-minutes-city-for-a-new-chrono-urbanism-pr-carlos-moreno/ [Accessed: 10 Feb 2021].
Plyushteva, A., Barnfield, A. (2020). Navigating cycling infrastructure in a post-socialist city. In P. Cox and T. Koglin (Eds.), The politics of cycling infrastructure: Spaces and (in)equality. Bristol: Policy Press, pp. 195-210. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvvsqc63
Promeni Srbiju (2021). Novi Sad: “Binacikl” – novi parking za bicikliste. Promeni [online]. https://promeni.rs/aktivisticke-price/novi-sad-binacikl-novi-parking-za-bicikliste/ [Accessed: 10 Feb 2021].
Pucher, J., Buehler, R. (2017). Cycling towards a more sustainable transport future, Transport Reviews, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 689-694. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2017.1340234.
Rybarczyk, G., Wu, C. (2014). Examining the Impact of Urban Morphology on Bicycle Mode Choice, Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 272-288. http://doi.org/10.1068/b37133
Sexty, J. (2017). Cycling app of the week: Bike Citizens. Road.cc [online]. https://road.cc/content/tech-news/228201-cycling-app-week-bike-citizens [Accessed: 10 Feb 2021].
Shaheen, S., Guzman, S., Zhang, H. (2010). Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia: Past, Present, and Future, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2143, No. 1, pp. 159–167. https://doi.org/10.3141/2143-20
Shaheen, S., Cohen, A. (2019). Shared Micromobility Policy Toolkit: Docked and Dockless Bike and Scooter Sharing. eSchoolarship [online]. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00k897b5 [Accessed 21 May 2020].
Spinney, J., Lin, W. (2019). (Mobility) Fixing the Taiwanese bicycle industry: the production and economisation of cycling culture in pursuit of accumulation, Mobilities, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 524-544. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2019.1580003
Spinney, J. (2020). Understanding urban cycling: exploring the relationship between mobility, sustainability and capital. London: Routledge.
Studija razvoja biciklističkog saobraćaja na urbanom području grada Banjaluka (2008). Banjaluka: Grad Banjaluka, Gradska uprava.
Transport for London (2010). Cycling revolution London. London: Transport for London [online]. https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/cycling-revolution-london.pdf [Accessed: 10 Feb 2021].
